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September 13
5 moments across history
UN Adopts Declaration on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights
On September 13, 2007, the UN General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. It established a global framework affirming Indigenous peoples’ rights to self-determination, culture, lands, resources, and free, prior and informed consent. The nonbinding declaration culminated decades of advocacy and UN negotiations addressing the historical dispossession, discrimination, and marginalization of Indigenous peoples.
UN Adopts Declaration on Indigenous Peoples’ Rights
Oslo Accords Signed
Oslo Accords Signed
Year: 1993
On September 13, 1993, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization signed the Declaration of Principles at the White House after secret negotiations in Oslo. The agreement established mutual recognition and a framework for limited Palestinian self-government in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. It was a landmark in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, although major issues remained unresolved and a lasting peace settlement did not follow.
Attica Prison Uprising Ends in Deadly Assault
Attica Prison Uprising Ends in Deadly Assault
Year: 1971
On September 13, 1971, New York State Police stormed Attica Correctional Facility after four days of rebellion and failed negotiations, killing 29 prisoners and 10 hostages. The assault ended inmates’ demands for improved conditions and rights, and became one of the deadliest confrontations between Americans and law enforcement since the Civil War. Occurring amid a nationwide prisoners’ rights movement and broader struggles over racial justice, Attica became a lasting symbol of prison abuse and state violence.
IBM Introduces the 305 RAMAC
IBM Introduces the 305 RAMAC
Year: 1956
On September 13, 1956, IBM introduced the 305 RAMAC, featuring the IBM 350, the first commercial hard-disk storage system. Its rotating magnetic disks enabled direct access to stored data, improving on the sequential retrieval required by magnetic tape. The system marked a major step from punch-card and tape-based computing toward modern disk-based data processing.
Italy Invades Egypt
Italy Invades Egypt
Year: 1940
On September 13, 1940, Italian forces advanced from Libya into British-controlled Egypt, beginning an offensive in the Western Desert. The invasion threatened Britain’s position in Egypt and the strategically vital Suez Canal, but the Italians halted near Sidi Barrani. It formed part of the wider North African campaign, in which Axis and Allied forces fought for control of Mediterranean routes and territory.